Efficient visualization of vascular territories in the human brain by cycled arterial spin labeling MRI

Intracranial vascular territories are usually visualized with the use of angiographic techniques. However, because it is difficult to visualize the distal vascular bed with any angiographic technique, it is also difficult to infer the parenchymal borders of vascular territories. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI provides information on cerebral perfusion, and a regional ASL (regASL) approach offers the potential to visualize perfusion of the anterior and posterior circulation separately. Current techniques perform the labeling in each feeding artery as a separate experiment, which is very time-consuming. In this work a very time-efficient regASL technique is presented that acquires all vascular territories within the same experiment. Images with different combinations of labeled arteries are combined to delineate the vascular territory of interest. Five subjects were examined with a clinical 1.5T MR scanner. A sharp delineation of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and posterior cerebral artery (IPCA) territories with whole-brain coverage was achieved in all subjects. The resulting signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for conventional regASL and the proposed cycled regASL were 9.3 +/- 2.4 and 15.3 +/- 5.1, respectively. An optimized setup was achieved by combining the regional labeling scheme with an efficient readout technique, which yielded a total measurement time of 2 min for three vascular territories.