Production of periodic arrays of protein nanostructures using particle lithography

We introduce a new method of nanoparticle lithography to produce periodic arrays of protein nanostructures. The resulting protein arrays are characterized using atomic force microscopy. The periodicity and detailed morphology of these arrays can be varied by selecting latex particles with a desired size and the protein-to-latex ratio. Particle lithography offers the advantages of nanometer precision and high throughput. The proteins within the nanostructures retain the ability to bind corresponding specific antibodies. This approach provides an alternative means for production of a new generation of nanostructure-based biochips and sensors.