Immune response to staphylococcal superantigens

被引:105
作者
Krakauer, T [1 ]
机构
[1] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA
关键词
superantigens; cell receptors; cytokines; chemokines; toxic shock; therapeutic countermeasures;
D O I
10.1007/BF02786471
中图分类号
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号
100102 ;
摘要
Staphylococcal exotoxins, staphylococcal enterotoxins A-E (SEA-SEE), and toxic shock syndrome toxin-l (TSST-1) are potent activators of the immune system and cause a variety of diseases in humans, ranging from food poisoning to shock. These toxins are called superantigens because of their ability to polyclonally activate T cells at picromolar concentrations. Superantigens bind to both MHC class II molecules and specific VP regions of the T cell receptor, leading to the activation of both antigen-presenting cells and T lymphocytes. These interactions lead to excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines and T cell proliferation, causing clinical symptoms that include fever, hypotension, and shock. Recent studies suggest that staphylococcal superantigens may also be involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis and other autoimmune disorders. This review summarizes the in vitro and in vivo effects of staphylococcal enterotoxins and TSST-1, recent progress with the use of transgenic knockout mice to identify key mediators and receptors involved in superantigen-induced shock, and therapeutic agents to mitigate the toxic effects of staphylococcal superantigens.
引用
收藏
页码:163 / 173
页数:11
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