Layer-by-layer assembly films and their applications in electroanalytical chemistry

The layer-by-layer assembly technique is a rich, versatile, and significantly inexpensive approach to the formation of thin films via alternating adsorption of positively and negatively charged species from aqueous solutions. Polymer organic and organic/inorganic thin films formed using this technique may contain a number of different functional groups, including electro-optic, electrochromics, conducting, dielectric layers with or without redox pairs, and functional organic and inorganic nanoparticles. Ease of preparation, accurate control over film thickness as well as flexibility in the choice of constituents makes this technique very promising for electroanalytical chemistry. Many applications have been founded for the LBL assembled films, such as electrocatalysis, direct electrochemistry, biosensor, electrochromics, selective permeation-biofuel cell, and other analysis. Newly development based on the alternating layer methods in electroanalytical chemistry should be addressed.