Soil nitrate accumulation, leaching and crop nitrogen use as influenced by fertilization and irrigation in an intensive wheat-maize double cropping system in the North China Plain

被引:201
作者
Fang, Quanxiao
Yu, Qiang
Wang, Enli
Chen, Yuhai
Zhang, Guoliang
Wang, Jing
Li, Longhui
机构
[1] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China
[2] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China
[3] Shandong Agr Univ, Agron Coll, Shandong 271018, Peoples R China
基金
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词
nitrate-N accumulation and leaching; wheat-maize double cropping system; crop nitrogen use; ground water; North China Plain;
D O I
10.1007/s11104-006-0055-7
中图分类号
S3 [农学(农艺学)];
学科分类号
0901 ;
摘要
There is a growing concern about excessive nitrogen (N) and water use in agricultural systems in North China due to the reduced resource use efficiency and increased groundwater pollution. A two-year experiment with two soil moisture by four N treatments was conducted to investigate the effects of N application rates and soil moisture on soil N dynamics, crop yield, N uptake and use efficiency in an intensive wheat-maize double cropping system (wheat-maize rotation) in the North China Plain. Under the experimental conditions, crop yield of both wheat and maize did not increase significantly at N rates above 200 kg N ha(-1). Nitrogen application rates affected little on ammonium-N (NH4-N) content in the 0-100 cm soil profiles. Excess nitrate-N (NO3-N), ranging from 221 kg N ha(-1) to 620 kg N ha(-1), accumulated in the 0-100 cm soil profile at the end of second rotation in the treatments with N rates of 200 kg N ha(-1) and 300 kg N ha(-1). In general, maize crop has higher N use efficiency than wheat crop. Higher NO3-N leaching occurred in maize season than in wheat season due to more water leakage caused by the concentrated summer rainfall. The results of this study indicate that the optimum N rate may be much lower than that used in many areas in the North China Plain given the high level of N already in the soil, and there is great potential for reducing N inputs to increase N use efficiency and to mitigate N leaching into the groundwater. Avoiding excess water leakage through controlled irrigation and matching N application to crop N demand is the key to reduce NO3-N leaching and maintain crop yield. Such management requires knowledge of crop water and N demand and soil N dynamics as they change with variable climate temporally and spatially. Simulation modeling can capture those interactions and is considered as a powerful tool to assist in the future optimization of N and irrigation managements.
引用
收藏
页码:335 / 350
页数:16
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