Purpose: We investigated the validity of calculating prostate specific survival from a population of deaths occurring during a given period. Materials and Methods: Stochastic simulation was used to generate a large number of life histories of men with prostate cancer. Results: The investigated method of calculating survival can lead to different outcomes compared to the standard method. In an example with a Dutch population structure the investigated method leads to strong underestimation of 25 years of survival. Conclusions: The method of calculating survival studied is theoretically not valid. Several probable changes in the population can produce results that are different from the standard method of calculating survival.