Aldose Reductase Inhibition Prevents Endotoxin-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Retinal Microglia

被引:45
作者
Chang, Kun-Che [1 ,2 ]
Ponder, Jessica [2 ]
LaBarbera, Daniel V. [2 ]
Petrash, J. Mark [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
[2] Univ Colorado, Skaggs Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
retinal microglia; aldose reductase; LPS; inflammation; migration; MMP-9; aldose reductase inhibitor; beta-glucogallin; DIABETIC-RETINOPATHY; TNF-ALPHA; MURINE MACROPHAGES; OXIDATIVE STRESS; INDUCED UVEITIS; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; BETA-GLUCOGALLIN; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; MOUSE RETINA; ACTIVATION;
D O I
10.1167/iovs.13-13487
中图分类号
R77 [眼科学];
学科分类号
100212 [眼科学];
摘要
PURPOSE. Retinal microglia become activated in diabetes and produce pro-inflammatory molecules associated with changes in retinal vasculature and increased apoptosis of retinal neurons and glial cells. We sought to determine if the action of aldose reductase (AR), an enzyme linked to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, contributes to activation of microglial cells. METHODS. Involvement of AR in the activation process was studied using primary cultures of retinal microglia (RMG) isolated from wild-type and AR-null mice, or in mouse macrophage cultures treated with either AR inhibitors or small interfering RNA (siRNA) directed to AR. Inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA. Cell migration was measured using a transwell assay. Gelatin zymography was used to detect active matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, while RMG-induced apoptosis of adult retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells was studied in a cell coculture system. RESULTS. Aldose reductase inhibition or genetic deficiency substantially reduced lipopolysacharide (LPS)-induced cytokine secretion from macrophages and RMG. Aldose reductase inhibition or deficiency also reduced the activation of MMP-9 and attenuated LPS-induced cell migration. Additionally, blockade of AR by sorbinil or through genetic means caused a reduction in the ability of activated RMG to induce apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells. CONCLUSIONS. These results demonstrate that the action of AR contributes to the activation of RMG. Inhibition of AR may be a therapeutic strategy to reduce inflammation associated with activation of RMG in disease.
引用
收藏
页码:2853 / 2861
页数:9
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