TIP30 has an intrinsic kinase activity required for up-regulation of a subset of apoptotic genes

CC3 is a metastasis suppressor that inhibits metastasis of the variant small cell lung carcinoma (v-SCLC) by predisposing cells to apoptosis. The same protein was also reported as a cellular cofactor, TIP30, which stimulates HIV-1 Tat-activated transcription by interacting with both Tat and RNA polymerase II. We report here that TIP30/CC3 is a novel serine/threonine kinase. It phosphorylates the heptapeptide repeats of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit in a Tat-dependent manner. Amino acid substitutions in the putative ATP binding motif that abolish the TIP30 kinase activity also inhibit the ability of TIP30 to enhance Tat-activated transcription or to sensitize NIH 3T3 and v-SCLC cells to apoptosis. Furthermore, ectopic expression of TIP30/CC3 in v-SCLC cells induces expression of a number of genes that include the apoptosis-related genes Bad and Siva, as well as metastasis suppressor NM23-H2. These data demonstrate a molecular mechanism for TIP30/CC3 function and suggest a novel pathway for regulating apoptosis.