Monoclonal antibody-based targeted therapy in breast cancer: Current status and future directions

The recent development of monoclonal antibodies targeting growth factor receptors in cancer treatment represents a milestone for both researchers and physicians. Advances in the understanding of key molecular pathways for tumour growth and survival have facilitated the development of these targeted therapies, in particular in breast cancer. This review focuses on the three most important recombinant humanised monoclonal antibodies that have shown activity in women with breast cancer: trastuzumab, pertuzumab and bevacizumab. Trastuzumab, an anti-erbB2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor) monoclonal antibody, is currently routinely used in both the metastatic and adjuvant settings for patients with erbB2-positive tumours. Pertuzumab, a monoclonal antibody binding to a different epitope on erbB2 than trastuzumab, is under early clinical evaluation. This drug has been developed for breast cancer, patients, whether overexpressing erbB2 or not. Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against vascular endothelial growth factor-A, is being evaluated in the metastatic setting for its antiangiogenic properties, and is showing promising results.