Plasma Rich in Growth Factors Promotes Bone Tissue Regeneration by Stimulating Proliferation, Migration, and Autocrine Secretion in Primary Human Osteoblasts

Background: Alveolar bone loss can be a major clinical concern affecting both functionality and esthetics. Osteoblasts are the main cells charged with the repair and regeneration of missing bone tissue. Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) allows delivery of a cocktail of proteins and growth factors that promote wound healing and tissue regeneration to the site of injury. This study tests the effect of this endogenous regenerative technology to stimulate alveolar osteoblast bone-forming potential. Methods: Primary human osteoblasts were retrieved from alveolar bone of patients undergoing oral surgery. Cell proliferation was evaluated, and culture inserts and permeable transwell supports were used to assess cell migration and chemotaxis. The expression of differentiation markers was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: PRGF succeeded in increasing proliferation, migration, and chemotaxis of osteoblasts. Also, PRGF significantly enhanced the autocrine expression of two relevant proangiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor, and three markers of osteoblastic activity, procollagen I, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase. Conclusion: The results indicate that PRGF can stimulate some of the biologic processes of the main cells responsible for bone regeneration and help support the positive clinical outcomes that have been reported with this technology.