Structural and kinetic studies on ligand binding in wild-type and active-site mutants of penicillin acylase

被引:25
作者
Alkema, WBL
Hensgens, CMH
Snijder, HJ
Keizer, E
Dijkstra, BW
Janssen, DB
机构
[1] Univ Groningen, Dept Biochem, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
[2] Univ Groningen, BIOSON Res Inst, Groningen Biomol Sci & Biotechnol Inst, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
关键词
3D structure; kinetics; ligand binding; mutants; penicillin acylase;
D O I
10.1093/protein/gzh057
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Penicillin acylase catalyses the condensation of Calpha-substituted phenylacetic acids with beta-lactam nucleophiles, producing semi-synthetic beta-lactam antibiotics. For efficient synthesis a low affinity for phenylacetic acid and a high affinity for Calpha-substituted phenylacetic acid derivatives is desirable. We made three active site mutants, alphaF146Y, betaF24A and alphaF146Y/betaF24A, which all had a 2- to 10-fold higher affinity for Calpha-substituted compounds than wild-type enzyme. In addition, betaF24A had a 20-fold reduced affinity for phenylacetic acid. The molecular basis of the improved properties was investigated by X-ray crystallography. These studies showed that the higher affinity of alphaF146Y for (R)-alpha-methylphenylacetic acid can be explained by van der Waals interactions between alphaY146:OH and the Calpha-substituent. The betaF24A mutation causes an opening of the phenylacetic acid binding site. Only (R)-alpha-methylphenylacetic acid, but not phenylacetic acid, induces a conformation with the ligand tightly bound, explaining the weak binding of phenylacetic acid. A comparison of the betaF24A structure with other open conformations of penicillin acylase showed that betaF24 has a fixed position, whereas alphaF146 acts as a flexible lid on the binding site and reorients its position to achieve optimal substrate binding.
引用
收藏
页码:473 / 480
页数:8
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