Women's behaviour, beliefs and information sources about physical exercise in pregnancy

Objective: to examine the potential effect of low-risk pregnancy on women's recreational activity patterns and to explore pregnant women's beliefs and information sources regarding physical exercise participation. Design: preliminary, prospective survey Setting: participants' homes in the East Midlands, UK. Participants: fifty-seven nulliparous, pregnant women. Measurements: levels of maternal physical activity participation were assessed by semi-structured interview at 16, 25, 34 and 38 weeks gestation. The modified Baecke questionnaire provided a measure of women's habitual sport and leisure activities in the 12 months prior to pregnancy. A 10-item scale assessed maternal beliefs regarding the importance of physical activity in pregnancy. The fetal health locus of control scale measured the extent to which women believed their own behaviour, the behaviour of others and/or chance would influence fetal health. Open-ended questions assessed women's information sources. Findings: fourteen of the 36 (39%) women who reported participating in some form of weekly exercise before pregnancy did not report pursuing any similar activities during pregnancy. Rest and relaxation were perceived as being significantly more important during pregnancy than was regular exercise or the maintenance of an active lifestyle. Fifty-five respondents (96%) indicated that they had received advice about physical activity at least once during pregnancy. At 16 weeks gestation, women obtained most of their information from books and magazines. Between 25 and 38 weeks gestation, most advice came from family and friends. Participants who reported receiving this advice were significantly older, more educated and of a higher activity level pre-pregnancy. Key conclusions: levels of maternal exercise may decline during pregnancy both as a result of the physical changes of pregnancy and from a combination of social and psychological factors. Present health education may be failing to correct inaccurate perceptions of the risks associated with physical exercise in pregnancy. Implications for practice: improving the quantity and quality of information related to physical exercise has the potential to correct inaccurate perceptions and confer several benefits on maternal and fetal health. Effective intervention strategies should focus not only on the pregnant woman but also extend to her family, friends and exercise provider. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.