Optimism buffers the detrimental effect of negative self-perceptions of ageing on physical and mental health

Objectives: First, to replicate previous findings on the detrimental effect of negative self-perceptions of ageing (SPA) on physical health outcomes and to expand them to the prediction of mental health; second, to test whether an optimistic outlook to the future can buffer the effect of negative SPA on physical and mental health outcomes. Design: Data for this study comes from the 2008 and 2011 waves of the German Ageing Survey (DEAS; n = 6205), a population-based representative survey of adults aged 40-85 years. Mean age of the participants was 61.50 (+/- 12.1), 49.5% were women. Main Outcome Measures: Self-rated health, physical functioning and depressive symptoms. Results: Multiple regression analyses indicated that negative SPA predicted deterioration in the three health outcomes over a three-year period, controlling for demographics and illnesses. The most remarkable finding is the interaction with optimism: People who were prepared for physical losses (negative SPA), and who were nevertheless optimistic, were better able to maintain better physical functioning, and lower depressive symptoms. Conclusion: A multidimensional perspective on ageing, considering both gains and losses at the same time, seems to be best for the maintenance of good health. Individual and societal positive views of ageing should be encouraged.