Lung radiology and pulmonary function of children chronically exposed to air pollution

被引:38
作者
Calderon-Garciduenas, Lilian
Mora-Tiscareno, Antonieta
Fordham, Lynn A.
Chung, Charles J.
Valencia-Salazar, Gildardo
Flores-Gomez, Silvia
Solt, Anna C.
Gomez-del Campo, Alberto
Jardon-Torres, Ricardo
Henriquez-Roldan, Carlos
Hazucha, Milan J.
Reed, William
机构
[1] Inst Nacl Pediat, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
[2] Univ Montana, Coll Hlth Profess & Biomed Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA
[3] Univ N Carolina, Dept Radiol, Pediat Imaging Sect, Chapel Hill, NC USA
[4] Buffalo Gen Hosp, Western New York Radiol, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA
[5] Harvard Univ, S Shore Psychiat Program, Brockton, MA 02401 USA
[6] Cent Mil Hosp, Dept Radiol & Imagen, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
[7] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico
[8] Univ Valparaiso, Dept Estadist, Valparaiso, Chile
[9] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Environm Med Asthma & Lung Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA
关键词
air pollutants; chest X rays; children; high-resolution CT; hyperinflation; Mexico; ozone; particulate matter; small-airway disease; spirometry;
D O I
10.1289/ehp.8377
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
We analyzed the chest radiographs (CXRs) of 249 clinically healthy children, 230 from southwest Mexico City and 19 from Tlaxcala. In contrast to children from Tlaxcala, children from southwest Mexico City were chronically exposed to ozone levels exceeding the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards for an average of 4.7 hr/day and to concentrations of particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameters <= 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) above the annual standard. CXRs of Mexico City children demonstrated bilateral hyperinflation (151 of 230) and increased linear markings (121 of 230). Hyperinflation and interstitial markings were significantly more common in Mexico City children (p < 0.0002 and 0.00006 respectively). Mexico City boys had a higher probability of developing interstitial markings with age (p = 0.004). Computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained in 25 selected Mexico City children with abnormal CXRs. Mild bronchial wall thickening was seen in 10 of 25, prominent central airways in 4 of 25, air trapping in 8 of 21, and pulmonary nodules in 2 of 21. Only 7.8% of Mexico City children had abnormal lung function tests based on predicted values. These findings are consistent with bronchiolar, peribronchiolar, and/or alveolar duct inflammation, possibly caused by ozone, PM, and lipopolysaccharide exposure. The epidemiologic implications of these findings are important for children residing in polluted environments, because bronchiolar disease could lead to chronic pulmonary disease later in life.
引用
收藏
页码:1432 / 1437
页数:6
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