A radical demise - Toxins and trauma share common pathways in hair cell death

The pathologic similarities noted after ototoxic and/or traumatic injury to the cochlea as well as the key features of the cochlea that make it susceptible to reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage are reviewed. Recent evidence linking ROS to cochlear damage associated with both ototoxins and/or trauma are presented. Mechanisms of generation of ROS in the cochlea and how these metabolites damage the cochlea and impair function are also reviewed. Finally, examples of novel therapeutic strategies to prevent and reverse hearing loss due to noise and/or ototoxins are presented to illustrate the clinical relevance of these new findings.