Maternal growth hormone treatment increases placental diffusion capacity but not fetal or placental growth in sheep

We tested the hypothesis that chronic maternal GH administration would increase fetal substrate supply, increase maternal and fetal insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations, and therefore enhance growth in the late gestation fetal sheep. Eleven ewes received bovine GH 0.1 mg/kg twice daily for 10 days, whereas 10 control ewes received saline. GH treatment increased placental capacity for simple diffusion (P < 0.01), with a trend toward an increase in placental capacity for facilitated diffusion (P = 0.07). GH treatment also lowered maternal and fetal blood urea concentrations, and there was a trend toward increased fetal protein oxidation (P = 0.07). Maternal but not fetal IGF-I and insulin concentrations increased. Fetal and placental growth were not altered by GH treatment. Maternal and fetal metabolic status was significantly affected by maternal food intake. We conclude that maternal GH treatment increases placental transport capacity, but that anabolic effects in the mother may limit fetal substrate supply and therefore prevent an increase in fetal growth.