Acute restraint stress enhances calcium mobilization and proliferative response in splenic lymphocytes from mice

Calcium (Ca2+) plays an essential role in lymphocyte activation and maturation. Acute and chronic stress has been shown to modulate the lymphocyte immune response; but the relationship between cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+](i)) and the immune response in lymphocytes following exposure to stress has not been examined. In the present study, we investigated the effects of acute restraint stress on [Ca2+](i) and the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes from mice. We observed that 2 h of restraint significantly increased plasma corticosterone levels in mice. On examining [Ca2+](i) and the proliferation ex vivo of splenic lymphocytes isolated from restraint-stressed mice using fura-2 and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide, respectively, we found that acute restraint stress caused a significant increase in resting [Ca2+](i) and significantly enhanced the ability of concanavalin A (Con A; a T-cell-selective mitogen) to increase [Ca2+](i) but not that of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; a B-cell-selective mitogen). In addition, acute restraint stress significantly enhanced Con A-stimulated but not LPS-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. Overall, there was a positive correlation between [Ca2+](i) and T-cell proliferation following acute restraint stress. The enhancements of [Ca2+](i) and T-cell proliferation were completely suppressed by verapamil (a Ca2+ channel blocker). These results suggest that acute restraint stress enhances Con A-stimulated T-cell proliferation by increasing [Ca2+](i) via stimulation of Ca2+ entry.