Developing information infrastructure: The tension between standardization and flexibility

This article explores the tension between standardization and flexibility in information infrastructure (II). Just like other large technical systems, the geographically dispersed yet highly interconnected II becomes increasingly resistant to change. Still II design must anticipate and prepare for changes, even substantial ones, if infrastructure is to survive. An II contains a huge number of components that alternate between standardization and change throughout their lifetimes. These components are interdependent: when one is changed, others have to remain stable, and vice versa. The article examines theoretical concepts for framing these aspects of an II. The empirical underpinning of the article is a study of two existing embryonic manifestations of II.