A number of research and clinical tools developed for measurement of alcohol consumption are reviewed. Different approaches to the measurements of alcohol consumption and psychometric properties of numerous screening, diagnostic and outcome measures and instruments are discussed in the context of recent studies and their findings. The conclusion of this review is that there is no universally applicable alcohol consumption measure, and the choice of the most appropriate instrument should be based on its psychometric properties and intended purpose of use, Curr Opin Psychiatry 12:705-709, (C) 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.