Why distinctive information reduces false memories: Evidence for both impoverished relational-encoding and distinctiveness heuristic accounts

被引:110
作者
Hege, ACG [1 ]
Dodson, CS [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Virginia, Dept Psychol, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1037/0278-7393.30.4.787
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
Two accounts explain why studying pictures reduces false memories within the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm (J. Deese, 1959; H. L. Roediger & K. B. McDermott, 1995). The impoverished relational-encoding account suggests that studying pictures interferes with the encoding of relational information, which is the primary basis for false memories in this paradigm. Alternatively, the distinctiveness heuristic assumes that critical lures are actively withheld by the use of a retrieval strategy. When participants were given inclusion recall instructions to report studied items as well as related items, they still reported critical lures less often after picture encoding than they did after word encoding. As the impoverished relational-encoding account suggests, critical lures appear less likely to come to mind after picture encoding than they do after word encoding. However, the results from a postrecall recognition test provide evidence in favor of the distinctiveness heuristic.
引用
收藏
页码:787 / 795
页数:9
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