Relationship between gastro-intestinal complaints and endotoxaemia, cytokine release and the acute-phase reaction during and after a long-distance triathlon in highly trained men

被引:310
作者
Jeukendrup, AE
Vet-Joop, K
Sturk, A
Stegen, JHJC
Senden, J
Saris, WHM
Wagenmakers, AJM
机构
[1] Maastricht Univ, Dept Human Biol, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
[2] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Chem, NL-2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands
关键词
anti-lipopolysaccharide; endotoxins; exercise; gastro-intestinal complaints; immunology; lipopolysaccharide; triathlon;
D O I
10.1042/CS19990258
中图分类号
R-3 [医学研究方法]; R3 [基础医学];
学科分类号
1001 ;
摘要
The aim of the present study was to establish whether gastro-intestinal (GI) complaints observed during and after ultra-endurance exercise are related to gut ischaemia-associated leakage of endotoxins [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] into the circulation and associated cytokine production. Therefore we collected blood samples from 29 athletes before, immediately after, and 1, 2 and 16 h after a long-distance triathlon for measurement of LPS, tumour necrosis factor-a and interleukin-6 (IL-6). As the cytokine response would trigger an acute-phase response, characteristic variables of these responses were also measured, along with creatine kinase (CK) to obtain an indicator of muscle damage. There was a high incidence (93 % of all participants) of GI symptoms; 45 % reported severe complaints and 7 % of the participants abandoned the race because of severe GI distress. Mild endotoxaemia (5-15 pg/ml) was evident in 68 % of the athletes immediately after the race, as also indicated by a reduction in IgG anti-LPS levels. In addition, we observed production of IL-6 (27-fold increase immediately after the race), leading to an acutephase response (20-fold increase in C-reactive protein and 12 % decrease in pre-albumin 16 h after the race). The extent of endotoxaemia was not correlated with the GI complaints or the IL-6 response, but did show a correlation with the elevation in C-reactive protein (r(s) 0.389; P = 0.037). Creatine kinase levels were increased significantly immediately post-race, and increased further in the follow-up period. Creatine kinase levels did not correlate with those of either IL-6 or C-reactive protein. It is therefore concluded that LPS does enter the circulation after ultra-endurance exercise and may, together with muscle damage, be responsible for the increased cytokine response and hence GI complaints in these athletes.
引用
收藏
页码:47 / 55
页数:9
相关论文
共 38 条
[11]   EFFECT OF PHYSICAL-TRAINING ON CARDIOVASCULAR ADJUSTMENTS TO EXERCISE IN MAN [J].
CLAUSEN, JP .
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS, 1977, 57 (04) :779-815
[12]   MONOCYTE-CONDITIONED MEDIUM, INTERLEUKIN-1, AND TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR STIMULATE THE ACUTE PHASE RESPONSE IN HUMAN HEPATOMA-CELLS INVITRO [J].
DARLINGTON, GJ ;
WILSON, DR ;
LACHMAN, LB .
JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY, 1986, 103 (03) :787-793
[13]   C-REACTIVE PROTEIN SERUM CONCENTRATIONS IN WELL-TRAINED ATHLETES [J].
DUFAUX, B ;
ORDER, U ;
GEYER, H ;
HOLLMANN, W .
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE, 1984, 5 (02) :102-106
[14]  
FONG YM, 1989, J IMMUNOL, V142, P2321
[15]   INTERFERON BETA-2/B-CELL STIMULATORY FACTOR TYPE-2 SHARES IDENTITY WITH MONOCYTE-DERIVED HEPATOCYTE-STIMULATING FACTOR AND REGULATES THE MAJOR ACUTE PHASE PROTEIN RESPONSE IN LIVER-CELLS [J].
GAULDIE, J ;
RICHARDS, C ;
HARNISH, D ;
LANSDORP, P ;
BAUMANN, H .
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 1987, 84 (20) :7251-7255
[16]  
Hack CE, 1997, ADV IMMUNOL, V66, P101, DOI 10.1016/S0065-2776(08)60597-0
[17]   GUT ISCHEMIA [J].
HAGLUND, U .
GUT, 1994, 35 (01) :S73-S76
[18]  
KEEFFE EB, 1984, WESTERN J MED, V141, P481
[19]   MODIFICATIONS OF SERUM GLYCOPROTEINS DAYS FOLLOWING A PROLONGED PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL-TRAINING [J].
LIESEN, H ;
DUFAUX, B ;
HOLLMANN, W .
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL PHYSIOLOGY, 1977, 37 (04) :243-254
[20]  
MOORE GE, 1995, MED SCI SPORT EXER, V27, P1238