Chemical and biological characterization of newly discovered lodoacid drinking water disinfection byproducts

被引:401
作者
Plewa, MJ [1 ]
Wagner, ED
Richardson, SD
Thruston, AD
Woo, YT
McKague, AB
机构
[1] Univ Illinois, Coll Agr Consumer & Environm Sci, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
[2] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA
[3] US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Risk Assessment Div, Washington, DC 20460 USA
[4] CanSyn Chem Corp, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
关键词
D O I
10.1021/es049971v
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
lodoacid drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs) were recently uncovered in drinking water samples from source water with a high bromide/iodide concentration that was disinfected with chloramines. The purpose of this paper is to report the analytical chemical identification of iodoacetic acid (IA) and other iodoacids in drinking water samples, to address the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of IA in Salmonella typhimurium and mammalian cells, and to report a structure-function analysis of IA with its chlorinated and brominated monohalogenated analogues. The iodoacid DBPs were identified as iodoacetic acid, bromoiodoacetic acid, (Z)- and (E)-3-bromo-3-iodopropenoic acid, and (E)-2-iodo-3-methylbutenedioic acid. IA represents a new class (iodoacid DBPs) of highly toxic drinking water contaminants. The cytotoxicity of IA in S. typhimurium was 2.9x and 53.5x higher than bromoacetic acid (BA) and chloroacetic acid (CA), respectively. A similar trend was found with cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells; IA was 3.2x and 287.5x more potent than BA and CA, respectively. This rank order was also expressed in its genotoxicity with]A being 2.6x and 523.3x more mutagenic in S. typhimurium strain TA100 than BA and CA, respectively.]A was 2.0x more genotoxic than BA and 47.2x more genotoxic than CA in CHO cells. The rank order of the toxicity of these monohalogenated acetic acids is correlated with the electrophilic reactivity of the DBPs. IA is the most toxic and genotoxic DBP in mammalian cells reported in the literature. These data suggest that chloraminated drinking waters that have high bromide and iodide source waters may contain these iodoacids and most likely other iodo-DBPs. Ultimately, it will be important to know the levels at which these iodoacids occur in drinking water in order to assess the potential for adverse environmental and human health risks.
引用
收藏
页码:4713 / 4722
页数:10
相关论文
共 48 条
[1]  
ANDERSSON K, 1972, CHEM SCRIPTA, V2, P117
[2]   Comparative effects of the metabolic inhibitors 2,4-dinitrophenol and iodoacetate on mouse neuroblastoma cells in vitro [J].
Andres, MI ;
Repetto, G ;
Sanz, P ;
Repetto, M .
TOXICOLOGY, 1996, 110 (1-3) :123-132
[3]   Reinvestigation of the dimerisation process forming isoglaucanic acid [J].
Baldwin, JE ;
Beyeler, A ;
Cox, RJ ;
Keats, C ;
Pritchard, GJ ;
Adlington, RM ;
Watkin, DJ .
TETRAHEDRON, 1999, 55 (23) :7363-7374
[4]  
Betts Kellyn, 1998, Environmental Science and Technology, V32, P546
[5]   Oxidation of iodide and hypoiodous acid in the disinfection of natural waters [J].
Bichsel, Y ;
von Gunten, U .
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 1999, 33 (22) :4040-4045
[6]   Formation of iodo-trihalomethanes during disinfection and oxidation of iodide containing waters [J].
Bichsel, Y ;
von Gunten, U .
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 2000, 34 (13) :2784-2791
[7]   Water chlorination: Essential process or cancer hazard? [J].
Bull, RJ ;
Birnbaum, LS ;
Cantor, KP ;
Rose, JB ;
Butterworth, BE ;
Pegram, R ;
Tuomisto, J .
FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED TOXICOLOGY, 1995, 28 (02) :155-166
[8]   Methyl iodide toxicity in rat cerebellar granule cells in vitro: the role of glutathione [J].
Chamberlain, MP ;
Sturgess, NC ;
Lock, EA ;
Reed, CJ .
TOXICOLOGY, 1999, 139 (1-2) :27-37
[9]   Investigations of the pathways of toxicity of methyl iodide in the rat nasal cavity [J].
Chamberlain, MP ;
Lock, EA ;
Reed, CJ .
TOXICOLOGY, 1998, 129 (2-3) :169-181
[10]   SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF TRIIODOACETIC ACID AND ITS SALTS [J].
COBB, RL .
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 1958, 23 (09) :1368-1369