TGFB1 gene polymorphisms:: their relevance in the susceptibility to Helicobacter pylori-related diseases

Recent studies have revealed elevated expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) in gastric mucosa of patients with gastric cancer (GC) and those undergoing ulcer repair. As production of TGF-beta 1 is genetically regulated, we aimed to assess whether functional polymorphisms of the TGFB1 gene are involved in susceptibility to and clinical characteristics of Helicobacter pylori-related diseases. DNA from 142 unrelated Spanish patients with GC, 200 with peptic ulcer and 342 healthy controls was typed for the MspA1I T + 869C, and the Sau96I G + 915C polymorphisms of the TGFB1 gene using polymerase chain reaction and RFLP analysis. H. pylori infection and CagA/VacA antibody status were determined by Western blot in patients and controls. H. pylori infection (odds ratio (OR): 11.44; 95% confidence interval (Cl): 4.45-29.42; P < 0.001) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (OR: 5.07; 95% Cl: 2.53-10.16; P < 0.001) were identified as independent risks factors for duodenal ulcer (DU), whereas the TGFB1 + 869* C/C genotype was associated with reduced risk of developing the disease (OR: 0.32; 95% Cl 0.15-0.68; P = 0.003). Our results show that the TGFB1 T + 869C gene polymorphism is involved in the susceptibility to DU and provide further evidence that host genetic factors play a key role in the pathogenesis of H. pylori-related diseases.