The roles of nearest neighbor methods in imputing missing data in forest inventory and monitoring databases

被引:125
作者
Eskelson, Bianca N. I. [1 ]
Temesgen, Hailemariam [1 ]
Lemay, Valerie [2 ]
Barrett, Tara M. [3 ]
Crookston, Nicholas L. [4 ]
Hudak, Andrew T. [4 ]
机构
[1] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
[2] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Resources, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
[3] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Anchorage, AK USA
[4] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID USA
关键词
Consistent notation; forest measurements; input data for forest planning; nearest neighbor imputation; registration error; sources of X-variables; REGENERATION IMPUTATION MODELS; INDIVIDUAL TREE GROWTH; DISCRETE-RETURN LIDAR; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; BASAL AREA; STAND CHARACTERISTICS; SATELLITE IMAGERY; COMPLEX STANDS; ATTRIBUTES; REGRESSION;
D O I
10.1080/02827580902870490
中图分类号
S7 [林业];
学科分类号
0829 ; 0907 ;
摘要
Almost universally, forest inventory and monitoring databases are incomplete, ranging from missing data for only a few records and a few variables, common for small land areas, to missing data for many observations and many variables, common for large land areas. For a wide variety of applications, nearest neighbor (NN) imputation methods have been developed to fill in observations of variables that are missing on some records (Y-variables), using related variables that are available for all records (X-variables). This review attempts to summarize the advantages and weaknesses of NN imputation methods and to give an overview of the NN approaches that have most commonly been used. It also discusses some of the challenges of NN imputation methods. The inclusion of NN imputation methods into standard software packages and the use of consistent notation may improve further development of NN imputation methods. Using X-variables from different data sources provides promising results, but raises the issue of spatial and temporal registration errors. Quantitative measures of the contribution of individual X-variables to the accuracy of imputing the Y-variables are needed. In addition, further research is warranted to verify statistical properties, modify methods to improve statistical properties, and provide variance estimators.
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页码:235 / 246
页数:12
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