Stabilizing selection on behavior and morphology masks positive selection on the signal in a salamander pheromone signaling complex

被引:54
作者
Watts, RA [1 ]
Palmer, CA
Feldhoff, RC
Feldhoff, PW
Houck, LD
Jones, AG
Pfrender, ME
Rollmann, SM
Arnold, SJ
机构
[1] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
[2] Univ Louisville, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Louisville, KY 40292 USA
[3] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
[4] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA
[5] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
关键词
positive selection; pheromone; plethodontid receptivity factor; cytokine; pheromone delivery;
D O I
10.1093/molbev/msh093
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Natural selection maintains the integration and coordination of sets of phenotypic characters that collectively perform a task. In functional complexes in which characters span molecular to behavioral levels of organization, we might then expect similar modes of selection to produce similar patterns in evolutionary divergence at each level. To test this expectation, we diagnosed selection at behavioral, morphological, and molecular levels for courtship pheromone signaling by plethodontid salamanders. At the levels of morphology and behavior tens of millions of years of stasis (stabilizing selection) occur on each side of a transition from vaccination to olfactory delivery modes. As a proxy for the molecular level, we used plethodontid receptivity factor (PRF), a protein that is an active component of the pheromone. We cloned PRF from 12 Plethodon spp. spanning the delivery transition and obtained multiple alleles from each individual surveyed. Analyses of 61 alleles for PRF identified elevated nonsynonymous over synonymous substitution rates along lineages in a molecular phylogeny, and at 8% of sites in the protein, indicating that positive (directional) selection has acted on this vertebrate pheromone gene. Structural models showed PRF is in a family of cytokines characterized by a four-alpha-helix bundle. Positive selection in PRF was associated with receptor binding sites that are under purifying selection in other cytokines of that family. The evolutionary dynamics of the plethodontid pheromone delivery complex consists of stabilizing selection on morphological and behavioral aspects of signal delivery but positive selection on the signal mediated by receptors. Thus, different selection modes prevail at different levels in this reproductive functional complex. Evolutionary studies of integrated sets of characters therefore require separate analyses of selective action at each level.
引用
收藏
页码:1032 / 1041
页数:10
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