Weaker Gulf Stream in the Florida straits during the last glacial maximum

被引:147
作者
Lynch-Stieglitz, J [1 ]
Curry, WB
Slowey, N
机构
[1] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY 10964 USA
[2] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
[3] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1038/45204
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
As it passes through the Florida Straits, the Gulf Stream consists of two main components: the western boundary flow of the wind-driven subtropical gyre and the northward-flowing surface and intermediate waters which are part of the 'global conveyor belt' compensating for the deep water that is exported from the North Atlantic Ocean(1), The mean flow through the Straits is largely in geostrophic balance and is thus reflected in the contrast in seawater density across the Straits(2). Here we use oxygen-isotope ratios of benthic foraminifera which lived along the ocean margins on the boundaries of the Florida Current during the Last Glacial Maximum to determine the density structure in the water and thereby reconstruct transport through the Straits using the geostrophic method-a technique which has been used successfully for estimating present-day flow(3). Our data suggest that during the Last Glacial Maximum, the density contrast across the Florida Straits was reduced, with the geostrophic flow, referenced to the bottom of the channel, at only about two-thirds of the modern value. If the wind-driven western boundary flow was not lower during the Last Glacial Maximum than today, these results indicate a significantly weaker conveyor-belt component of the Gulf Stream compared to present-day values. Whereas previous studies based on tracers suggested that deep waters of North Atlantic origin were not widespread during glacial times, indicating either a relatively weak or a shallow overturning cell, our results provide evidence that the overturning cell was indeed weaker during glacial times.
引用
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页码:644 / 648
页数:5
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