Con: Beta-blockers are indicated for all adults at increased risk undergoing noncardiac surgery

[1] Perioperative cardiovascular mortality in noncardiac surgery: Validation of the Lee cardiac risk index [J]. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 2005, 118 (10) : 1134 - 1141

[2] Risk factors, medical therapies and perioperative events in limb salvage surgery: Observations from the PREVENT III multicenter trial [J]. JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY, 2005, 42 (03) : 456 - 464

[3] The evolution of the randomized controlled trial and its role in evidence-based decision making [J]. JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2003, 254 (02) : 105 - 113

[4] How strong is the evidence for the use of perioperative β blockers in non-cardiac surgery?: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials [J]. BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, 2005, 331 (7512): : 313 - 316B

[5] Devereaux PJ, 2004, CAN MED ASSOC J, V171, P245, DOI 10.1503/cmaj.1031619

[6] Do elderly systolic heart failure patients benefit from beta blockers to the same extent as the non-elderly?: Meta-analysis of >12,000 patients in large-scale clinical trials [J]. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY, 2005, 95 (07) : 896 - 898

[7] ACCAHA guideline update for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery - executive summary - A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1996 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery) [J]. CIRCULATION, 2002, 105 (10) : 1257 - 1267

[8] The distribution of 10-year risk for coronary heart disease among US adults - Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III [J]. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY, 2004, 43 (10) : 1791 - 1796

[9] β Blockade after myocardial infarction:: systematic review and meta regression analysis [J]. BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, 1999, 318 (7200): : 1730 - 1737

[10] Effect of perioperative β blockade in patients with diabetes undergoing major non-cardiac surgery:: randomised placebo controlled, blinded multicentre trial [J]. BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, 2006, 332 (7556): : 1482 - 1485

[1] Perioperative cardiovascular mortality in noncardiac surgery: Validation of the Lee cardiac risk index [J]. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, 2005, 118 (10) : 1134 - 1141

[2] Risk factors, medical therapies and perioperative events in limb salvage surgery: Observations from the PREVENT III multicenter trial [J]. JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY, 2005, 42 (03) : 456 - 464

[3] The evolution of the randomized controlled trial and its role in evidence-based decision making [J]. JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2003, 254 (02) : 105 - 113

[4] How strong is the evidence for the use of perioperative β blockers in non-cardiac surgery?: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials [J]. BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, 2005, 331 (7512): : 313 - 316B

[5] Devereaux PJ, 2004, CAN MED ASSOC J, V171, P245, DOI 10.1503/cmaj.1031619

[6] Do elderly systolic heart failure patients benefit from beta blockers to the same extent as the non-elderly?: Meta-analysis of >12,000 patients in large-scale clinical trials [J]. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY, 2005, 95 (07) : 896 - 898

[7] ACCAHA guideline update for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery - executive summary - A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1996 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery) [J]. CIRCULATION, 2002, 105 (10) : 1257 - 1267

[8] The distribution of 10-year risk for coronary heart disease among US adults - Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III [J]. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY, 2004, 43 (10) : 1791 - 1796

[9] β Blockade after myocardial infarction:: systematic review and meta regression analysis [J]. BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, 1999, 318 (7200): : 1730 - 1737

[10] Effect of perioperative β blockade in patients with diabetes undergoing major non-cardiac surgery:: randomised placebo controlled, blinded multicentre trial [J]. BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, 2006, 332 (7556): : 1482 - 1485