A robust method for ECG-Based estimation of the respiratory frequency during stress testing

被引:136
作者
Bailon, Raquel
Sornmo, Leif
Laguna, Pablo
机构
[1] Univ Zaragoza, Aragon Inst Engn Res, Commun Technol Grp, E-50015 Zaragoza, Spain
[2] Lund Univ, Dept Electrosci, Signal Proc Grp, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
关键词
ECG-derived respiration (EDR); electrocardiography; exercise; respiratory frequency; repiratory system; robustness; signal synthesis;
D O I
10.1109/TBME.2006.871888
中图分类号
R318 [生物医学工程];
学科分类号
0831 [生物医学工程];
摘要
A robust method is presented for electrocardiogram (ECG)-based estimation of the respiratory frequency during stress testing. Such ECGs contain highly nonstationary noise and exhibit changes in QRS morphology which, when combined with the dynamic nature of the respiratory frequency, make most existing methods break down. The present method exploits the oscillatory pattern of the rotation angles of the heart's electrical axis as induced by respiration. The series of rotation angles, obtained from least-squares loop alignment, is subject to power spectral analysis and estimation of the respiratory frequency. Robust techniques are introduced to handle the nonstationary properties of exercise ECGs. The method is evaluated by means of both simulated signals, and ECG/airflow signals recorded from 14 volunteers and 20 patients during stress testing. The resulting respiratory frequency estimation error is, for simulated signals, equal to 0.5% +/- 0.2%, mean SD (0.002 +/- 0.001 Hz), whereas the error between respiratory frequencies of the ECG-derived method and the airflow signals is 5.9 % +/- 4 % (0.022 +/- 0.016 Hz). The results suggest that the method is highly suitable for analysis of noisy ECG signals recorded during stress testing.
引用
收藏
页码:1273 / 1285
页数:13
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