Radical resection of hilar bile duct carcinoma and predictors of survival

Background: Patients with carcinoma of the main hepatic duct have a poor prognosis. This study attempted to identify clinicopathological predictors of survival after resection. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of 114 patients who presented with hepatic ductal carcinoma between 1976 and 1998. Of the 114 patients, 98 had a radical resection, three underwent palliative resection and 13 were not treated surgically. Forty-six patients with stage TVA disease had microscopic tumour residue after resection. Of these, 28 patients were treated with radiotherapy and the remaining 18 had resection alone. Results: The overall operative morbidity and mortality rates were 14 and 4 per cent respectively. The overall 5-year survival rate after resection was 28 per cent. Nineteen patients survived lbr more than 5 years, including ten with stage IVA disease. The main prognostic factors were performance status; jaundice; tumour location; gross appearance; histological grade; T, N and M categories in tumour node metastasis (TNM) classification; TNM stage; and residual tumour. Adjuvant radiotherapy, tumour extension into the hepatic ducts, histological grade, N and residual tumour were independent predictive factors by multivariate Cox analysis. Conclusion: This study suggests that radical resection provides the best survival rare for patients with hilar bile duct carcinoma. For patients with stage IVA disease, following complete gross resection radiotherapy improved treatment outcome.