Osteoclast differentiation requires TAK1 and MKK6 for NFATc1 induction and NF-κB transactivation by RANKL

Osteoclast (Oc) differentiation is fundamentally controlled by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL). RANKL signalling targets include mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappa B), and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)c1. In this study, we found that p38 MAPK upstream components transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), MKK3, and MKK6 increased by RANKL in an early stage of osteoclastogenesis from primary bone marrow cells, which led to enhanced p38 activation. Retroviral transduction of dominant-negative (DN) forms of TAK1 and MKK6, but not that of MKK3, reduced Oc differentiation. Transduction of TAK1-DN and MKK6-DN and treatment with the p38 inhibitor SB203580 attenuated NFATc1 induction by RANKL. TAK1-DN, MKK6-DN, and SB203580, but not MKK3-DN, also suppressed RANKL stimulation of NF-kappa B transcription activity in a manner dependent on p65 phosphorylation on Ser-536. These results indicate that TAK1 and MKK6 constitute the p38 signalling pathway to participate to Oc differentiation by RANKL through p65 phosphorylation and NFATc1 induction, and that MKK6 and MKK3 have differential roles in osteoclastogenesis from bone marrow precursors.