A normal second-trimester ultrasound does not exclude intracranial structural pathology

Objective To report the prenatal diagnosis and management of 34 fetuses with various intracranial structural pathologies diagnosed following a normal second-trimester ultrasound examination. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the images of 203 abnormal central nervous system ultrasound examinations performed between 13 and 3 7 weeks of gestation at our prenatal diagnosis unit. In 34 (16.7%) of them at least one previous second-trimester ultrasound examination bad been performed and considered normal. These 34 fetuses represent the study group. Results The following intracranial pathologies were diagnosed: dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, ventriculomegaly, cerebral cysts or hemorrhage, migrational disorders, vermian dysgenesis, arachnoid cysts, macrocephaly, enlarged subarachnoid space, brain calcifications and microcephaly. Conclusion A normal second-trimester ultrasound scan does not rule out significant intracranial anomalies. Parents and physicians should be informed about the limitations of second-trimester sonography as far as brain diagnosis is concerned. A repeat third-trimester scan may enable more accurate diagnosis and counseling.