Broccoli growth in response to increasing rates of pre-plant nitrogen. I. Yield and quality

被引:21
作者
Bakker, C. J. [1 ]
Swanton, C. J. [2 ]
McKeown, A. W. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Guelph, Dept Plant Agr, Simcoe Res Stn, Simcoe, ON N3Y 4N5, Canada
[2] Univ Guelph, Dept Plant Agr, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
关键词
Brassica oleracea L. italica Plenck; color; postharvest; nutrition; hollow stein; vitamin C; HOLLOW STEM; VITAMIN-C; PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDER; VAR; ITALICA; DRY-MATTER; BROWN BEAD; FERTILIZATION; CAULIFLOWER; MANAGEMENT; NITRATE;
D O I
10.4141/CJPS08036
中图分类号
S3 [农学(农艺学)];
学科分类号
0901 ;
摘要
Bakker, C. J., Swanton, C. J. and McKeown, A. W. 2009. Broccoli growth in response to increasing rates of pre-plant nitrogen. I Yield and quality. Can. J. Plant Sci. 89: 527-537. Nitrogen management is critical to the production of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. italica Plenck). Field trials were conducted in 2001 and 2002 to determine the rate of pre-plant nitrogen required to optimize broccoli yield and quality. Seven rates of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400 kg N ha(-1)) as ammonium nitrate were broadcast and incorporated before transplanting two broccoli cultivars, Captain and Decathlon. Maturity of the heads was delayed by 5 d at 0 kg N ha(-1) compared with the other rates of applied N. Marketable yield was maximized at 243 to 272 kg N ha(-1) for yield expressed in t ha(-1) and 171 to 187 kg N ha(-1) for yield expressed as cases ha(-1). Averaged over cultivar and year the most economical rate of nitrogen (M ERN) ranged from 298 to 309 kg ha(-1), 50 kg higher than estimates for the maximum marketable yield derived from quadratic plateau models. The incidence of misshapen heads decreased and floret color improved as nitrogen rate increased, but hollow stern and head rot also increased with high rates of nitrogen. Floret NO3--N concentration increased and vitamin C concentration decreased at high nitrogen rates. Applying the rates of nitrogen required to maximize yield may have negative economic and environmental consequences. However, restricting nitrogen also jeopardizes both yield and quality. Hence, the Optimum amount of pre-plant nitrogen to apply to broccoli that balances yield, quality, economics and environmental concerns remains a complex issue.
引用
收藏
页码:527 / 537
页数:11
相关论文
共 64 条
[31]  
HOHNER B, 1989, PUBL ONTARIO I PEDOL, V893
[32]   Brown bead of broccoli. II. Relationships of the physiological disorder with nutritional and meteorological variables [J].
Jenni, S ;
Dutilleul, P ;
Yamasaki, S ;
Tremblay, N .
HORTSCIENCE, 2001, 36 (07) :1228-1234
[33]   Brown bead of broccoli. I. Response of the physiological disorder to management practices [J].
Jenni, S ;
Dutilleul, P ;
Yamasaki, S ;
Tremblay, N .
HORTSCIENCE, 2001, 36 (07) :1224-1227
[34]   FORCE TO SHEAR THE STALK, STALK DIAMETER, AND YIELD OF BROCCOLI IN RESPONSE TO NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION AND WITHIN-ROW SPACING [J].
KAHN, BA ;
SHILLING, PG ;
BRUSEWITZ, GH ;
MCNEW, RW .
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE, 1991, 116 (02) :222-227
[35]   Preharvest factors affecting appearance [J].
Kays, SJ .
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY, 1999, 15 (03) :233-247
[36]  
KOWALENKO CG, 1987, J AM SOC HORTIC SCI, V112, P9
[37]   FERTILIZER APPLICATION AND IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT OF BROCCOLI PRODUCTION AND FERTILIZER USE EFFICIENCY [J].
LETEY, J ;
JARRELL, WM ;
VALORAS, N ;
BEVERLY, R .
AGRONOMY JOURNAL, 1983, 75 (03) :502-507
[38]   Effects of level of nitrogen fertilizer, processing conditions and period of storage of frozen broccoli and cauliflower on vitamin C retention [J].
Lisiewska, Z ;
Kmiecik, W .
FOOD CHEMISTRY, 1996, 57 (02) :267-270
[39]   BROCCOLI YIELD AND NITROGEN COMPOSITION IN RESPONSE TO DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT REGIMES [J].
LIU, L ;
SHELP, BJ .
COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS, 1993, 24 (1-2) :61-84
[40]  
Maynard DG., 1993, Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis, V1, P25