Projected Carbon Dioxide to Increase Grass Pollen and Allergen Exposure Despite Higher Ozone Levels

被引:92
作者
Albertine, Jennifer M. [1 ]
Manning, William J. [2 ]
DaCosta, Michelle [2 ]
Stinson, Kristina A. [3 ]
Muilenberg, Michael L. [4 ]
Rogers, Christine A. [4 ]
机构
[1] Harvard Univ, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA 01366 USA
[2] Univ Massachusetts, Stockbridge Sch Agr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
[3] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
[4] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
来源
PLOS ONE | 2014年 / 9卷 / 11期
关键词
RAGWEED AMBROSIA-ARTEMISIIFOLIA; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT VISITS; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ASTHMA; RESPONSES; NITROGEN; HEALTH; L;
D O I
10.1371/journal.pone.0111712
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
One expected effect of climate change on human health is increasing allergic and asthmatic symptoms through changes in pollen biology. Allergic diseases have a large impact on human health globally, with 10-30% of the population affected by allergic rhinitis and more than 300 million affected by asthma. Pollen from grass species, which are highly allergenic and occur worldwide, elicits allergic responses in 20% of the general population and 40% of atopic individuals. Here we examine the effects of elevated levels of two greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2), a growth and reproductive stimulator of plants, and ozone (O-3), a repressor, on pollen and allergen production in Timothy grass (Phleum pratense L.). We conducted a fully factorial experiment in which plants were grown at ambient and/or elevated levels of O-3 and CO2, to simulate present and projected levels of both gases and their potential interactive effects. We captured and counted pollen from flowers in each treatment and assayed for concentrations of the allergen protein, Phl p 5. We found that elevated levels of CO2 increased the amount of grass pollen produced by similar to similar to 50% per flower, regardless of O-3 levels. Elevated O-3 significantly reduced the Phl p 5 content of the pollen but the net effect of rising pollen numbers with elevated CO2 indicate increased allergen exposure under elevated levels of both greenhouse gases. Using quantitative estimates of increased pollen production and number of flowering plants per treatment, we estimated that airborne grass pollen concentrations will increase in the future up to,200%. Due to the widespread existence of grasses and the particular importance of P. pratense in eliciting allergic responses, our findings provide evidence for significant impacts on human health worldwide as a result of future climate change.
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页数:6
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