The effectiveness of condoms in reducing heterosexual transmission of HIV

被引:254
作者
Davis, KR [1 ]
Weller, SC [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Galveston, TX 77550 USA
来源
FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES | 1999年 / 31卷 / 06期
关键词
D O I
10.2307/2991537
中图分类号
C921 [人口统计学];
学科分类号
摘要
Context: It is not established whether the condom is as effective at preventing heterosexual transmission of HIV as it is for preventing conception. An overall estimate of condom effectiveness for HIV prevention is needed. Methods: information on condom usage and HIV serology was obtained from 25 published studies of serodiscordant heterosexual couples. Condom usage was classified as always tin 100% of acts of intercourse), sometimes (1-99%, 0-99% or 1-100%) or never (0%). Studies were stratified by design, direction of transmission and condom usage group. Condom efficacy was calculated from the HIV transmission rates for always-users and never-users. Results: For always-users, 12 cohort samples yielded a consistent HIV incidence of 0.9 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval, 0.4-1.8). For 11 cohort samples of never-users, incidence was estimated at 6.8 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval, 4.4-10.1) for male-to-female transmission, 59 per 100 (95% confidence interval, 1.5-15.1) for female-to-male trans mission and 6.7 per 100 (95% confidence interval, 4.5-9.6) in samples that specified the direction of transmission. Generally, the condom's effectiveness at preventing HIV transmission is estimated to be 87%, but if may be as low as 60% eras high as 96%. Conclusions: Consistent use of condoms provides protection from HIV The level of protection approximates 87%, with a range depending upon the incidence among condom nonusers. Thus, the condom's efficacy at reducing heterosexual transmission may be comparable to or slightly lower than ifs effectiveness at preventing pregnancy.
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页码:272 / 279
页数:8
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