Profound reduction of mature B cell numbers, reactivities and serum Ig levels in mice which simultaneously carry the XID and CD40 deficiency genes

It has been known for some time that single mutant nude or CD40T mice have apparently normal numbers of cells in the precursor compartments of bone marrow and the mature B cell compartments of the periphery. X-linked immunodeficiency (XID) mice are deficient only in some of the slgM(+)slgD(+) B cells. We have investigated further the contributions of the rid mutation, of the T cell deficiency of nude and of the inability of CD40T a cells to cooperate with T cells in the generation of the precursor and the mature B cell compartments in mice. Double mutant XID/nu and XID/CD40T mice have precursor a cell compartments that are no more deficient than the single mutant XID mice. However, the peripheral a cell compartments of both XID/nu and XID/CD40T are even more deficient than those of single mutant XID mice. While 10% of the peripheral a cells of wild-type or CD40T, one-third of XID and half of XID/nu mice turn over rapidly, as many as three-quarters of those in XID/CD40T are short-lived. Total numbers of slgM(+)slgD(+) a cells in the spleen are at best 10-15% of normal mice at 6-8 weeks of age in XID, XID/nu and XID/CD40T mice. They remain that low at 3 months of age in XID/CD40T mice, while in XID mice these peripheral a cells slowly build up in numbers with age. As expected, double mutant XID/CD40T mice do not respond to the T-dependent antigen keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Only the responses to the T-independent type I antigen, TNP-lipopolysaccharide (LPS), appear to be normal. In vitro, their splenic B cells respond poorly to LPS or to IgM-specific antibody in either the absence or presence of cytokines. Most notably, serum IgM, IgG2b and lgG3 levels are severely depressed, while IgG1, IgG2a and IgA levels are <10 mu g/ml. The results suggest a model of mature a cell development in which the peripheral, mature B cell compartments are generated in two parallel, not tandemly organized pathways. They could be selected and/or stimulated at the transition from immature to mature a cells: in btk controlled or in CD40 controlled ways.