Objective: The association of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and multiple myeloma (MM) is an uncommon event. We report the relapse of SLE in a patient with a previous history of MM, treated with chemotherapy and, subsequently, with alpha-2b interferon (alpha-2b IFN) as a maintenance therapy. The case is discussed in light of past relevant literature. Methods: The history and clinical, laboratory and radiographic findings of the patient, as well as the subsequent therapeutic approach are discussed. In our review of the literature, journal articles are identified by Medline search. Results: We describe the case of a woman who developed a multiple myeloma 14 years after a diagnosis of SLE. A careful literature review confirms that the association of these two diseases has been reported only in a few cases. When the plasma cell neoplasia occurred, SLE had been quiescent for several years; the patient was treated with prednisone-melphalan and, subsequently, with alpha-26 IFN as a maintenance therapy. On admission to our department, SLE was in a relapse phase, probably because of IFN treatment. The disease was poorly responsive to steroid therapy and required the use of cytotoxic drugs. Conclusions: The coexistence of SLE and MM is very rare and the possible pathogenetic mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. The use of interferon in a patient with an autoimmune disease always invites caution, Copyright (C) 1997 by W.B. Saunders Company.
