Comparison of an oleic acid enriched-diet vs NCEP-I diet on LDL susceptibility to oxidative modifications

Objective: The objective of this trial was to compare the effect on the susceptibility of plasma Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidative modifications of consumption of two oleic rich diets, prepared with two different plant oils, virgin olive oil (OL)(1) and refined high monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA sunflower oil (SU)), with the susceptibility of plasma LDL to oxidation after an National Cholesterol Education Program step 1 (NCEP-I) phase diet. Design: A randomized crossover design. Subjects and interventions: Twenty-two healthy normolipidemic young males consumed an NCEP-I diet for a 4-week period. Subjects were then assigned to two diets each of 4-weeks duration. Group one was placed on an olive oil enriched diet (40% fat, 22% MUFA) followed by a 4-week period of a MUFA diet enriched in sunflower oil (40% fat, 22% MUFA). In group two, the order of the diets was reversed. Results: Both MUFA diets induced a decrease in saturated (14 : 0, 16 : 0, and 18 : 0) and an increase in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated n-6 (18 : 2, 20 : 3, and 20 : 5) plasma LDL-phospholipid fatty acids, compared to the NCEP-I diet (P < 0.01). No significant differences in lag times were observed between the olive oil and the NCEP-I diet periods. However there was a greater inhibition time (P < 0.001) when subjects consumed the MUFA rich sunflower oil diet compared to the NCEP-I diet. These differences were probably related to the relative enrichment of plasma LDL particles in cc-tocopherol due to the high vitamin E content of the MUFA-rich sunflower oil. Indeed, the alpha-tocopherol content was positively correlated with lag time (r = 0.338; P < 0.008). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that changes in plasma LDL alpha-tocopherol content with practical solid-food diets can decrease its susceptibility to oxidation.