[1] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[2] Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Natl ESCA & Surface Anal Ctr Biomed Problems, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[3] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Natl ESCA & Surface Anal Ctr Biomed Problems, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[4] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA