Dispositional optimism

被引：658

作者：

Carver, Charles S. ^{[1
]}

Scheier, Michael F. ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA

[2] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA

来源：

TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES | 2014年 / 18卷 / 06期

关键词：

motivation; optimism; pessimism; expectancies; health; coping; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; LOT-R; PESSIMISM; LIFE; HEALTH; PERSONALITY; ASSOCIATIONS; PERFORMANCE; RESOURCE; STYLE;

D O I：

10.1016/j.tics.2014.02.003

中图分类号：

B84 [心理学]; C [社会科学总论]; Q98 [人类学];

学科分类号：

010107 [宗教学]; 030301 [社会学]; 070906 [古生物学及地层学（含古人类学）];

摘要：

Optimism is a cognitive construct (expectancies regarding future outcomes) that also relates to motivation: optimistic people exert effort, whereas pessimistic people disengage from effort. Study of optimism began largely in health contexts, finding positive associations between optimism and markers of better psychological and physical health. Physical health effects likely occur through differences in both health-promoting behaviors and physiological concomitants of coping. Recently, the scientific study of optimism has extended to the realm of social relations: new evidence indicates that optimists have better social connections, partly because they work harder at them. In this review, we examine the myriad ways this trait can benefit an individual, and our current understanding of the biological basis of optimism.

引用

页码：293 / 299

页数：7

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