Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Sistan and Baluchestan Province of Iran, a case-control study on epidemiological characteristics

被引:60
作者
Izadi, S
Naieni, KH
Madjdzadeh, SR
Nadim, A
机构
[1] Univ Tehran Med Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, Tehran 14155, Iran
[2] Univ Tehran Med Sci, Inst Hlth Res, Tehran 14155, Iran
关键词
arboviral disease; case control; Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever; Iran;
D O I
10.1016/j.ijid.2003.10.008
中图分类号
R51 [传染病];
学科分类号
100401 ;
摘要
Objectives: Several cases of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), an arboviral disease, have been reported since summer 1999 in different areas of Iran. The main objectives of this research were to determine the most important means and patterns of transmission and the epidemiologic characteristics of this disease. Design: In this population-based case-control study, 24 patients from Zabol and Zahedan Districts in the Sistan and Baluchestan province, reported to the Center for Disease Control of Iran, were compared with 300 controls. The controls were sampled through the 'probability proportional to size cluster sampling' method from the general population of the same districts. The following variables were checked: age, sex, living environment (rural versus urban), education years, job, past history of tick bite, contact history with livestock, history of livestock slaughtering, presence of a designated place for animals at home, history of keeping livestock in the house. Results: Variables which increased the chance of disease include: history of slaughtering (OR = 7.57, CI: 2.21-25.91), high-risk occupations (OR = 4.97, CI: 0.97-25.43), history of tick bite (OR = 105.89, CI: 9.32-1202.44), age above 40 years (OR = 7.32, CI: 1.06-50.26). Conclusion: The results of this study confirm that the scheme of risk factors and risk groups for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Iran do not differ substantially from the other parts of the world. Even though tick bite is one of the most important risk factors for CCHF, it cannot explain all cases and there are other important risk factors such as high-risk occupations and having contact with livestock. Even taking care of livestock for a short period at home can increase the chance of contracting CCHF. (C) 2004 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:299 / 306
页数:8
相关论文
共 19 条
[1]  
AGRESTI A, 1996, INTRO CATEGORICAL DA, P127
[2]   Outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Quetta, Pakistan: contact tracing and risk assessment [J].
Altaf, A ;
Luby, S ;
Ahmed, AJ ;
Zaidi, N ;
Khan, AJ ;
Mirza, S ;
McCormick, J ;
Fisher-Hoch, S .
TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH, 1998, 3 (11) :878-882
[3]  
BENNETT S, 1991, World Health Statistics Quarterly, V44, P98
[4]   RISK-FACTORS FOR CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER IN RURAL NORTHERN SENEGAL [J].
CHAPMAN, LE ;
WILSON, ML ;
HALL, DB ;
LEGUENNO, B ;
DYKSTRA, EA ;
BA, K ;
FISHERHOCH, SP .
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 1991, 164 (04) :686-692
[5]   A SERO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR BUNYAVIRIDAE AND CERTAIN OTHER ARBOVIRUSES IN PAKISTAN [J].
DARWISH, MA ;
HOOGSTRAAL, H ;
ROBERTS, TJ ;
GHAZI, R ;
AMER, T .
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 1983, 77 (04) :446-450
[6]   CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER TREATED WITH ORAL RIBAVIRIN [J].
FISHERHOCH, SP ;
KHAN, JA ;
REHMAN, S ;
MIRZA, S ;
KHURSHID, M ;
MCCORMICK, JB .
LANCET, 1995, 346 (8973) :472-475
[7]   RISK OF HUMAN INFECTIONS WITH CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER VIRUS IN A SOUTH-AFRICAN RURAL-COMMUNITY [J].
FISHERHOCH, SP ;
MCCORMICK, JB ;
SWANEPOEL, R ;
VANMIDDELKOOP, A ;
HARVEY, S ;
KUSTNER, HGV .
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 1992, 47 (03) :337-345
[8]   Detection of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus antibodies in humans and imported livestock in Saudi Arabia [J].
Hassanein, KM ;
ElAzazy, OME ;
Yousef, HM .
TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 1997, 91 (05) :536-537
[9]   An outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in the United Arab Emirates, 1994-1995 [J].
Khan, AS ;
Maupin, GO ;
Rollin, PE ;
Noor, AM ;
Shurie, HHM ;
Shalabi, AGA ;
Wasef, S ;
Haddad, YMA ;
Sadek, R ;
Ijaz, K ;
Peters, CJ ;
Ksiazek, TG .
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 1997, 57 (05) :519-525
[10]  
MAZLUM Z, 1971, J VET FAC U, V27, P132