The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans

被引：1048

作者：

Tishkoff, Sarah A. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Reed, Floyd A. ^{[1
]}

Friedlaender, Francoise R.

Ehret, Christopher ^{[4
]}

Ranciaro, Alessia ^{[1
,2
,3
,5
]}

Froment, Alain ^{[6
]}

Hirbo, Jibril B. ^{[1
,2
,3
]}

Awomoyi, Agnes A. ^{[1
]}

Bodo, Jean-Marie ^{[7
]}

Doumbo, Ogobara ^{[8
]}

Ibrahim, Muntaser ^{[9
]}

Juma, Abdalla T. ^{[9
]}

Kotze, Maritha J. ^{[10
]}

Lema, Godfrey ^{[11
]}

Moore, Jason H. ^{[12
,13
]}

Mortensen, Holly ^{[1
]}

Nyambo, Thomas B. ^{[11
]}

Omar, Sabah A. ^{[14
]}

Powell, Kweli ^{[1
]}

Pretorius, Gideon S. ^{[15
]}

Smith, Michael W. ^{[16
]}

Thera, Mahamadou A. ^{[8
]}

Wambebe, Charles ^{[17
]}

Weber, James L. ^{[18
]}

Williams, Scott M. ^{[19
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[2] Univ Penn, Dept Genet, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA

[3] Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA

[4] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Hist, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA

[5] Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Biol & Evoluz, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy

[6] Musee Homme Paris, IRD MNHN, UMR 208, F-75116 Paris, France

[7] Minist Rech Sci & Innovat, Yaounde, Cameroon

[8] Univ Bamako, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Bamako, Mali

[9] Univ Khartoum, Inst Endem Dis, Dept Mol Biol, Khartoum 1513, Sudan

[10] Univ Stellenbosch, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, ZA-7505 Tygerberg, South Africa

[11] Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Biochem, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

[12] Dartmouth Med Sch, Dept Genet, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA

[13] Dartmouth Med Sch, Dept Community & Family Med, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA

[14] Ctr Biotechnol Res & Dev, Kenya Med Res Inst, Nairobi 5484000200, Kenya

[15] Univ Stellenbosch, Fac Hlth Sci, Div Human Genet, ZA-7505 Tygerberg, South Africa

[16] NCI, Lab Genom Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA

[17] Int Biomed Res Africa, Abuja, Nigeria

[18] Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA

[19] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Mol Physiol & Biophys, Ctr Human Genet Res, Nashville, TN 37232 USA

来源：

SCIENCE | 2009年 / 324卷 / 5930期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

PYGMY HUNTER-GATHERERS; Y-CHROMOSOME; HUMAN-POPULATIONS; MTDNA VARIATION; DIVERSITY; ORIGINS; POLYMORPHISMS; PROPORTIONS; EVOLUTION; ANCESTRY;

D O I：

10.1126/science.1172257

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Africa is the source of all modern humans, but characterization of genetic variation and of relationships among populations across the continent has been enigmatic. We studied 121 African populations, four African American populations, and 60 non-African populations for patterns of variation at 1327 nuclear microsatellite and insertion/deletion markers. We identified 14 ancestral population clusters in Africa that correlate with self-described ethnicity and shared cultural and/or linguistic properties. We observed high levels of mixed ancestry in most populations, reflecting historical migration events across the continent. Our data also provide evidence for shared ancestry among geographically diverse hunter-gatherer populations (Khoesan speakers and Pygmies). The ancestry of African Americans is predominantly from Niger-Kordofanian (similar to 71%), European (similar to 13%), and other African (similar to 8%) populations, although admixture levels varied considerably among individuals. This study helps tease apart the complex evolutionary history of Africans and African Americans, aiding both anthropological and genetic epidemiologic studies.

引用

页码：1035 / 1044

页数：10

共 64 条

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Ambrose S., 1982, The Archaeological and Linguistic Reconstruction of African History, P104, DOI [10.1525/9780520314757-009, DOI 10.1525/9780520314757-009, 10.1525/9780520314757]

[2]

[Anonymous], Transatlantic Slave Trade database

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