Five rules for the evolution of cooperation

被引：3914

作者：

Nowak, Martin A. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Program Evolut Dynam, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[2] Harvard Univ, Dept Math, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

来源：

SCIENCE | 2006年 / 314卷 / 5805期

关键词：

D O I：

10.1126/science.1133755

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Cooperation is needed for evolution to construct new levels of organization. Genomes, cells, multicellular organisms, social insects, and human society are all based on cooperation. Cooperation means that selfish replicators forgo some of their reproductive potential to help one another. But natural selection implies competition and therefore opposes cooperation unless a specific mechanism is at work. Here I discuss five mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation: kin selection, direct reciprocity, indirect reciprocity, network reciprocity, and group selection. For each mechanism, a simple rule is derived that specifies whether natural selection can lead to cooperation.

引用

页码：1560 / 1563

页数：4

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