Male-female differences in the risk of progression from first use to dependence upon cannabis, cocaine, and alcohol

被引:133
作者
Wagner, Fernando A.
Anthony, James C. [1 ]
机构
[1] Michigan State Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Coll Human Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA
[2] Morgan State Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Policy, Drug Abuse Res Program, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA
关键词
epidemiology; gender; drug dependence; NCS; survival analysis; instantaneous risk; US; probability sample;
D O I
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.06.003
中图分类号
R194 [卫生标准、卫生检查、医药管理];
学科分类号
摘要
Introduction: We extend prior reports about the risk of dependence on specific drugs by providing developmental-specific risk estimates for progression from first use to meeting criteria for DSM-III-R dependence upon cannabis, cocaine, or alcohol, as well as male-female differences. Methods: The data are from the National Comorbidity Survey, with a national probability sample of persons 15-44 years old in the United States, which included many respondents who used cannabis, cocaine and alcohol on at least one occasion (n=3558, 1337, and 6149, for cannabis, cocaine, and alcohol, respectively). Survival analysis procedures provided cumulative risk estimates of progression front first use to dependence upon each drug. Results: The estimated risk of cannabis dependence among male cannabis users was 1 % in the first year after first use, and reached a peak at 4% per year 2 years later, before declining. In contrast, the estimated risk of cannabis dependence among female cannabis users remained at 1% per year for 3 years, without the peak. For both male and female cocaine users, the estimated risk for developing cocaine dependence was 5 to 6% within the first year after first use. Thereafter, the estimated risk declined from the peak value, with a somewhat faster decline for females in the next 3 years after first use. For alcohol, the estimated risk period extended for many years after the first drink, with female drinkers becoming alcohol dependent at a rate of about I % per year; with somewhat higher risk for male drinkers. For both male and female drinkers, the period of risk for developing alcohol dependence extended for a span of more than 20 years since first use; for cannabis and cocaine, the estimated period of risk was much shorter. Comment: There are male-female differences in the risk of becoming cannabis dependent during the first several years after initiation of cannabis use, less pronounced male-fernale differences for alcohol, and relatively smaller male-fernale differences for cocaine. These results should interest scientists whose focus is upon the origins of inale-female differences in the Occurrence of drug dependence. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:191 / 198
页数:8
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