Enhancement of immune responses by co-delivery of a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide and tetanus toxoid in biodegradable nanospheres

被引:137
作者
Diwan, M [1 ]
Tafaghodi, M [1 ]
Samuel, J [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Alberta, Fac Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Dent Pharm Ctr 3118, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N8, Canada
基金
加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会; 加拿大健康研究院;
关键词
tetanus toxoid; CpG; oligodeoxynucleotides; nanospheres; alum; adjuvant;
D O I
10.1016/S0168-3659(02)00275-4
中图分类号
O6 [化学];
学科分类号
0703 ;
摘要
Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) consisting of unmethylated bacterial DNA sequences with CpG motifs are potent immunological adjuvants. Immunostimulatory CpG sequences are species-specific. Optimal CpG sequences specific for humans, rodents, livestock, and companion animals have been reported. Nearly all of these reports describe the use of soluble forms of CpG ODN and antigens. We investigated the co-delivery of CpG ODN and antigens in biodegradable nanospheres as an alternative approach for immunization using tetanus toxoid (TT) as the model antigen and ODN #1826 as the model CpG sequence. TT and CpG ODN were co-encapsulated in poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanospheres. Separate groups of C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously immunized twice with TT and CpG ODN in nanospheres (test group), TT alone in nanospheres, TT alone in nanospheres mixed with CpG ODN in solution, TT and CpG ODN both in solution (reference group), TT alone in solution, and alum adsorbed TT. T cells isolated from the test group showed strong antigen-specific T cell proliferation ex vivo (stimulation index=45). This was significantly (P<0.0001) higher than that observed for T cells isolated from the reference group. The T cell proliferation of the test group was associated with higher levels of interferon gamma secretion (IFN-gamma 2694.7 +/- 41.1 pg/ml) than that of the reference group (814.7 +/- 50.2 pg/ml). Interleukin 4 (IL-4) secretion, if any, was below the detection limit (<13 pg/ml) in all the groups. Anti-sera obtained from the test group also showed very high total IgG titers (end point titers, 2 560 000) that were 16 times higher than the reference group. Similarly, differences of 8-fold for IgG1 and IgG3, and 5-fold for lgG2b titers were observed. Noticeably, the antibody response induced in the alum-TT group was far less (total IgG, end point titers 160 000) than that obtained in the TT-CpG ODN nanospheres group. Overall, the results show that co-delivery of CpG and TT resulted in induction of both T helper type 1 and type 2 (Th1 and Th2) immune responses with a bias towards Th1 type. These results suggest that the co-delivery of CpG ODN adjuvants and antigens in nanospheres is a more efficient approach for immunization than the use of CpG ODN and TT in solution. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:247 / 262
页数:16
相关论文
共 76 条
[1]   BIODEGRADABLE MICROSPHERES AS CONTROLLED-RELEASE TETANUS TOXOID DELIVERY SYSTEMS [J].
ALONSO, MJ ;
GUPTA, RK ;
MIN, C ;
SIBER, GR ;
LANGER, R .
VACCINE, 1994, 12 (04) :299-306
[2]   Enhanced immunogenicity of microencapsulated tetanus toxoid with stabilizing agents [J].
Audran, R ;
Men, Y ;
Johansen, P ;
Gander, B ;
Corradin, G .
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH, 1998, 15 (07) :1111-1116
[3]   Two methods for quantifying DNA extracted from poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres [J].
Barman, SP ;
Lunsford, L ;
Chambers, P ;
Hedley, ML .
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE, 2000, 69 (03) :337-344
[4]  
Bowland SL, 2000, CAN VET J, V41, P33
[5]   DNA and a CpG oligonucleotide derived from Babesia bovis are mitogenic for bovine B cells [J].
Brown, WC ;
Estes, DM ;
Chantler, SE ;
Kegerreis, KA ;
Suarez, CE .
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, 1998, 66 (11) :5423-5432
[6]   Bacterial DNA-induced NK cell IFN-gamma production is dependent on macrophage secretion of IL-12 [J].
Chace, JH ;
Hooker, NA ;
Mildenstein, KL ;
Krieg, AM ;
Cowdery, JS .
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY, 1997, 84 (02) :185-193
[7]   Stabilization of tetanus toxoid in poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres for the controlled release of antigen [J].
Chang, AC ;
Gupta, RK .
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, 1996, 85 (02) :129-132
[8]   CpG oligodeoxynucleotides act as adjuvants for pneumococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines and enhance antipolysaccharide immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) and IgG3 antibodies [J].
Chu, RS ;
McCool, T ;
Greenspan, NS ;
Schreiber, JR ;
Harding, CV .
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, 2000, 68 (03) :1450-1456
[9]   Repeated administration of cytosine-phosphorothiolated guanine-containing oligonucleotides together with peptide/protein immunization results in enhanced CTL responses with anti-tumor activity [J].
Davila, E ;
Celis, E .
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, 2000, 165 (01) :539-547
[10]   CpG DNA overcomes hyporesponsiveness to hepatitis B vaccine in orangutans [J].
Davis, HL ;
Suparto, I ;
Weeratna, R ;
Jumintarto ;
Iskandriati, D ;
Chamzah, S ;
Ma'ruf, A ;
Nente, C ;
Pawitri, D ;
Krieg, AM ;
Heriyanto ;
Smits, W ;
Sajuthi, D .
VACCINE, 2000, 18 (18) :1920-1924