Literature review -: efficacy of various disinfectants against Legionella in water systems

被引:288
作者
Kim, BR [1 ]
Anderson, JE [1 ]
Mueller, SA [1 ]
Gaines, WA [1 ]
Kendall, AM [1 ]
机构
[1] Ford Res Lab, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA
关键词
Legionnaires' disease; Legionella; disinfection; disinfectant; biocide; inactivation;
D O I
10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00188-4
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
There have been reported outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease at hospitals and industrial facilities, which prompted the development of various preventive measures. For example, Ford has been developing and implementing such a measure at its facilities worldwide to provide technical guidance for controlling Legionella in water systems. One of the key issues for implementing the measure is the selection of a disinfectant(s) and optimum conditions for its use. Therefore, available publications on various disinfectants and disinfection processes used for the inactivation of Legionella bacteria were reviewed. Two disinfection methods were reviewed: chemical and thermal. For chemical methods, disinfectants used were metal ions (copper and silver), oxidizing agents (halogen containing compounds [chlorine, bromine, iodine, chlorine dioxide, chloramines, and halogenated hydantoins], ozone, and hydrogen peroxide), non-oxidizing agents (heterocyclic ketones, guanidines, thiocarbamates, aldehydes, amines, thiocyanates, organo-tin compounds, halogenated amides, and halogenated glycols), and UV light. In general, oxidizing disinfectants were found to be more effective than non-oxidizing ones. Among oxidizing agents, chlorine is known to be effective and widely used. Among non-oxidizing agents, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitropropionamide appears to be the most effective followed by glutaraldehyde. Isothiazolin (known as Kathon), polyhexamethylene biguanide, and 2-bromo-2-nitropropionamide (known as Bronopol) were found to be less effective than glutaraldehyde. Thermal disinfection is effective at > 60degreesC (140degreesF). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:4433 / 4444
页数:12
相关论文
共 68 条
[21]   SUSCEPTIBILITY OF LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA TO 3 COOLING-TOWER MICROBICIDES [J].
GRACE, RD ;
DEWAR, NE ;
BARNES, WG ;
HODGES, GR .
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, 1981, 41 (01) :233-236
[22]   EFFICACY OF BIOCIDES ON LABORATORY-GENERATED LEGIONELLA BIOFILMS [J].
GREEN, PN .
LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, 1993, 17 (04) :158-161
[23]  
HAAS CN, 1990, WATER QUALITY TREATM, pCH14
[24]  
HAMELIN C, 1978, STUD BIOPHYS, V68, P229
[25]   Comparison of chlorine and chlorine dioxide disinfection for control of Legionella in a hospital potable water supply [J].
Hamilton, E ;
Seal, DV ;
Hay, J .
JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION, 1996, 32 (02) :156-160
[26]   A NEW LEGIONELLA SPECIES, LEGIONELLA-FEELEII SPECIES-NOVA, CAUSES PONTIAC FEVER IN AN AUTOMOBILE PLANT [J].
HERWALDT, LA ;
GORMAN, GW ;
MCGRATH, T ;
TOMA, S ;
BRAKE, B ;
HIGHTOWER, AW ;
JONES, J ;
REINGOLD, AL ;
BOXER, PA ;
TANG, PW ;
MOSS, CW ;
WILKINSON, H ;
BRENNER, DJ ;
STEIGERWALT, AG ;
BROOME, CV .
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, 1984, 100 (03) :333-338
[27]  
HOLLIS CG, 1980, DEV IND MICROBIOL, V21, P265
[28]   SURVIVAL OF LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA WITHIN CYSTS OF ACANTHAMOEBA-POLYPHAGA FOLLOWING CHLORINE EXPOSURE [J].
KILVINGTON, S ;
PRICE, J .
JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY, 1990, 68 (05) :519-525
[29]   Effect of monochloramine disinfection of municipal drinking water on risk of nosocomial Legionnaires' disease [J].
Kool, JL ;
Carpenter, JC ;
Fields, BS .
LANCET, 1999, 353 (9149) :272-277
[30]  
Kool JL, 2000, J AM WATER WORKS ASS, V92, P88