One-pot, glycine-assisted combustion synthesis and characterization of nanoporous LiFePO4/C composite cathodes for lithium-ion batteries

Nanoporous LiFePO4/C composite cathodes have been synthesized by a novel one-pot, glycine-assisted combustion (GAC) method in presence of 2 wt.% Super P carbon in both At and 90% Ar-10% H-2 atmospheres at 750 degrees C for a short time of 6 h. While the At atmosphere offers phase pure samples, the Ar-H-2 atmosphere leads to the formation of impurity phases as indicated by X-ray diffraction data. The combustion-initiated expulsion of gases aids the formation of a nanoporous LiFePO4/C composite structure as evident from electron microscopic analysis, which could allow easy penetration of the electrolyte and realization of an electronic-ionic 3D network. The nanoporous LiFePO4/C sample synthesized in At atmosphere exhibits a high discharge capacity of 160 mAh g(-1) with 3% capacity fade in 50 cycles and high rate capability. With a short reaction time, the GAC method offers an energy efficient approach to synthesize high performance olivine LiFePO4/C composite cathodes. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.