Comparison of the most odor-active compounds in fresh and dried hop cones (Humulus lupulus L. variety spalter select) based on GC-olfactometry and odor dilution techniques

Application of aroma extract dilution analysis on the volatiles obtained from dried cones of Spalter Select hops grown in the German hop-growing area of Hallertau revealed 23 odorants in the flavor dilution (FD) factor range of 16-4096, 20 of which could be identified. On the basis of high FD factors, trans-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal, linalool, and myrcene were identified as the most potent odorants, followed by ethyl 8-methylpropanoate, methyl 2-methylbutanoate, (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-one, nonanal, (E,Z)-1,3,5-undecatriene, 1,3(E),5(Z),9-undecatetraene, propyl 8-methylbutanoate, 4-ethenyl-2-methoxyphenol, and 1-octen-3-one. Ten of the high-impact hop aroma compounds had previously not been identified as hop constituents and, in particular, 1,3(E),5(Z),9-undecatetraene has not yet been reported as a food odorant. In an extract obtained from fresh hops, in addition to the odorants found in dry hops, (Z)-3-hexenal was characterized as a further key odorant rendering an additional green aroma note to the fresh material.