Mitochondrial function and toxicity: Role of the B vitamin family on mitochondrial energy metabolism

被引:346
作者
Depeint, Flore
Bruce, W. Robert
Shangari, Nandita
Mehta, Rhea
O'Brien, Peter J.
机构
[1] Univ Toronto, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada
[2] Univ Toronto, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada
基金
加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;
关键词
B vitamins; mitochondria; oxidative stress; vitamin B therapy;
D O I
10.1016/j.cbi.2006.04.014
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
The B vitamins are water-soluble vitamins required as coenzymes for enzymes essential for cell function. This review focuses on their essential role in maintaining mitochondrial function and on how mitochondria are compromised by a deficiency of any B vitamin. Thiamin (B1) is essential for the oxidative decarboxylation of the multienzyme branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes of the citric acid cycle. Riboflavin (B2) is required for the flavoenzymes of the respiratory chain, while NADH is synthesized from niacin (B3) and is required to supply protons for oxidative phosphorylation. Pantothenic acid (B5) is required for coenzyme A formation and is also essential for alpha-ketoglutarate and pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes as well as fatty acid oxidation. Biotin (B7) is the coenzyme of decarboxylases required for gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. Pyridoxal (B6), folate and cobalamin (B12) properties are reviewed elsewhere in this issue. The experimental animal and clinical evidence that vitamin B therapy alleviates B deficiency symptoms and prevents mitochondrial toxicity is also reviewed. The effectiveness of B vitamins as antioxidants preventing oxidative stress toxicity is also reviewed. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
引用
收藏
页码:94 / 112
页数:19
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