Microwave triggered metal enhanced chemiluminescence: Quantitative protein determination

We present a new technology that offers a faster alternative to the chemiluminescence-based detection that is used in protein assay platforms today. By combining the use of silver nanostructures with chemiluminescent species, a technique that our laboratories have recently shown can enhance the system photon flux over 50-fold, with the use of low-power microwave heating to additionally accelerate, in essence "trigger", chemiluminescence-based reactions, then both ultrafast and ultrabright chemiluminescence assays can be realized. In addition, the preferential heating of the nanostructures by microwaves affords for microwave triggered metal enhanced chemiluminescence (MT-MEC) to be localized in proximity to the silvered surfaces, alleviating unwanted emission from the distal solution. To demonstrate MT-MEC, we have constructed a model assay sensing platform on both silvered and glass surfaces, where comparison with the identical glass substrate-based assay serves to confirm the significant benefits of using silver nanostructures for metal-enhanced chemiluminescence. Our new model assay technology can detect femtomoles of biotinylated BSA in less than 2 min and can indeed be modified to both detect and quantify a great many other biomolecules as well. As compared to traditional western blot approaches, MT-MEC offers protein quantification, high-sensitivity detection combined with ultrafast assay times, i.e., < 2 min.