Chitin-based scaffolds are an integral part of the skeleton of the marine demosponge Ianthella basta

The skeletons of demosponges, such as Ianthella basta, are known to be a composite material containing organic constituents. Here, we show that a filigree chitin-based scaffold is an integral component of the L basta skeleton. These chitin-based scaffolds can be isolated from the sponge skeletons using an isolation and purification technique based on treatment with alkaline solutions. Solid-state C-13 NMR, Raman, and FT-IR spectroscopies, as well as chitinase digestion, reveal that the isolated material indeed consists of chitin. The morphology of the scaffolds has been determined by light and electron microscopy. It consists of cross-linked chitin fibers approximately 40-100 nm in diameter forming a micro-structured network. The overall shape of this network closely resembles the shape of the integer sponge skeleton. Solid-state C-13 NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize the sponge skeleton on a molecular level. The C-13 NMR signals of the chitin-based scaffolds are relatively broad, indicating a high amount of disordered chitin, possibly in the form of surface-exposed molecules. X-ray diffraction confirms that the scaffolds isolated from L basta consist of partially disordered and loosely packed chitin with large surfaces. The spectroscopic signature of these chitin-based scaffolds is closer to that of alpha-chitin than beta-chitin. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.